1. What is the pH Acid Formula?

The pH acid formula calculates the acidity or basicity of a solution from hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where values below 7 indicate acidity, 7 is neutral, and values above 7 indicate basicity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — Measure of acidity (unitless)
• \( [H⁺] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Base-10 logarithm

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration, providing a convenient scale for measuring acidity.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and industrial processes. It helps determine solution properties, chemical reactivity, and biological compatibility.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be positive and greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values typically range from 0 (highly acidic) to 14 (highly basic), with 7 being neutral at 25°C.

Q2: How does temperature affect pH?
A: The pH scale is temperature-dependent. The neutral point changes with temperature (e.g., pH 6.81 at 37°C).

Q3: What are common pH values for everyday substances?
A: Lemon juice (pH 2-3), pure water (pH 7), baking soda solution (pH 8-9), household ammonia (pH 11-12).

Q4: Why use logarithmic scale for pH?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (10^-14 to 10^0 mol/L) into a manageable 0-14 scale.

Q5: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for extremely concentrated acids (pH < 0) or bases (pH > 14), though such solutions are rare in practice.