1. What is the Empirical Formula of Adrenaline?

The empirical formula C₉H₁₃NO₃ represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in adrenaline (epinephrine). It shows the relative proportions of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms in the molecule.

2. How is the Empirical Formula Determined?

The empirical formula is derived from elemental analysis:

For adrenaline (molecular mass = 183.20 g/mol):

• Carbon (C): 9 atoms × 12.01 g/mol = 59.0%
• Hydrogen (H): 13 atoms × 1.008 g/mol = 7.1%
• Nitrogen (N): 1 atom × 14.01 g/mol = 7.6%
• Oxygen (O): 3 atoms × 16.00 g/mol = 26.2%

Explanation: The empirical formula represents the simplest ratio of elements, while the molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms in the molecule.

3. Importance of Empirical Formula

Details: Empirical formulas are crucial for identifying unknown compounds, calculating reaction stoichiometry, and understanding chemical composition in analytical chemistry.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Select an element and enter its percentage composition to verify if it matches the expected value for adrenaline. The calculator checks if your experimental data aligns with the theoretical composition.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between empirical and molecular formula?
A: Empirical formula shows simplest ratio (C₉H₁₃NO₃), while molecular formula shows actual atom count (C₉H₁₃NO₃ - same in this case).

Q2: Why is adrenaline's empirical formula important?
A: It helps identify the compound, calculate purity, and understand its chemical properties and reactivity.

Q3: How was adrenaline's formula first determined?
A: Through combustion analysis measuring CO₂, H₂O, and other combustion products to determine elemental composition.

Q4: Can empirical formulas be used for isomers?
A: No, different isomers can have the same empirical formula but different structural arrangements.

Q5: What are the biological implications of this formula?
A: The specific arrangement of C, H, N, and O atoms creates adrenaline's unique biological activity as a hormone and neurotransmitter.