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Volumetric Flow Rate Formula:
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The volumetric flow rate formula calculates the volume of air passing through a given cross-sectional area per unit time. It is fundamental in fluid dynamics and HVAC system design, providing essential data for ventilation and airflow analysis.
The calculator uses the volumetric flow rate equation:
Where:
Explanation: The formula represents the volume of air flowing through a duct or pipe per second, calculated by multiplying the cross-sectional area by the average flow velocity.
Details: Accurate flow rate calculation is crucial for designing ventilation systems, determining air exchange rates, sizing ductwork, and ensuring proper indoor air quality in residential, commercial, and industrial settings.
Tips: Enter cross-sectional area in square meters and flow velocity in meters per second. Ensure both values are positive numbers for accurate calculation.
Q1: What is the difference between volumetric and mass flow rate?
A: Volumetric flow rate measures volume per time (m³/s), while mass flow rate measures mass per time (kg/s). They are related by density: mass flow = volumetric flow × density.
Q2: How do I measure flow velocity in practice?
A: Flow velocity can be measured using anemometers, pitot tubes, or hot-wire anemometers. For ducts, take multiple measurements across the cross-section and calculate the average.
Q3: What are typical flow rates for HVAC systems?
A: Residential systems typically range from 0.1-1.0 m³/s, while commercial systems can handle 1-10 m³/s or more, depending on building size and ventilation requirements.
Q4: How does duct shape affect flow rate calculations?
A: The formula works for any cross-sectional shape as long as you use the correct area calculation. For circular ducts: A = π × (diameter/2)².
Q5: What factors can affect airflow accuracy?
A: Factors include duct friction, bends, obstructions, temperature variations, and pressure differences, which may require correction factors in real-world applications.