1. What is Volumetric Flow Rate?

Volumetric flow rate (Q) is the volume of fluid that passes through a given cross-sectional area per unit time. It is a fundamental parameter in fluid dynamics and HVAC systems for measuring air flow.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the volumetric flow equation:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (m²)
• \( v \) — Flow velocity (m/s)

Explanation: The equation calculates the volume of air passing through a duct or pipe per second based on the cross-sectional area and the speed of the airflow.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculation is essential for HVAC system design, ventilation requirements, industrial process control, and energy efficiency optimization in air handling systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter cross-sectional area in square meters and flow velocity in meters per second. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between volumetric and mass flow rate?
A: Volumetric flow rate measures volume per time (m³/s), while mass flow rate measures mass per time (kg/s). They are related by fluid density.

Q2: How do I measure cross-sectional area for irregular ducts?
A: For rectangular ducts, multiply width by height. For circular ducts, use π × (diameter/2)². For irregular shapes, use equivalent diameter calculations.

Q3: What factors affect airflow velocity?
A: Fan power, duct resistance, temperature, pressure differences, and system obstructions all influence airflow velocity in a system.

Q4: Can this formula be used for liquids?
A: Yes, the volumetric flow rate formula applies to both gases and liquids, though density and viscosity considerations may differ.

Q5: What are typical airflow rates in HVAC systems?
A: Residential systems typically range from 0.5-5 m³/s, while commercial systems can handle 5-50 m³/s depending on building size and requirements.